Ketika Kekayaan Alam Tidak Menyejahterakan: Pembelajaran dari Pencegahan Korupsi Sektor Sumber Daya Alam
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Published:
Mar 24, 2020
Keywords:
corruption prevention programme state revenue fiscal policy Natural Resources National Movement
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Abstract
The natural resource sector dominates the Indonesian economy. However, its state revenue is suboptimum under the existing management. The corruption prevention program of the KPK National Rescue Movement, aims at improving governance in the natural resources sector to increase state revenue. This study analyzes the program achievements in fiscal policy and state revenue in the forestry sector, oil palm plantations, mining, and marine and fisheries. The program has increased state revenue of Rp 22,64 trillion in the 2015-2017 period, consisting of tax revenue of Rp 8,82 trillion and non-tax state revenue of Rp 13,82 trillion. The program has improved the licensing system, developing an information system for state revenue, data exchange, and synergy across ministries. These achievements, however, have been sub-optimum in closing the loopholes of state revenue losses and building a credible fiscal policy. Further improvement in institutional aspects should be conducted to optimize the state revenue.
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How to Cite
Pradiptyo, R., Saputra, W., Nugroho, A., & Hutami, A. (2020). Ketika Kekayaan Alam Tidak Menyejahterakan: Pembelajaran dari Pencegahan Korupsi Sektor Sumber Daya Alam. Integritas : Jurnal Antikorupsi, 5(2-2), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v5i2-2.482
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References
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____________________. (1997). Sources of Slow Growth in African Economies. Journal of African Economies, Vol. 6 (3): 35-76.
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____________________. (2019). Penguasaan Lahan oleh Perkebunan Sawit dalam Kawasan Hutan dan Strategi Penyelesaiannya. Policy Papers. Auriga Nusantara. Jakarta.
____________________. (2013). Studi Analisis Tax Gap dan Tax Efficiency di Indonesia, 2008-2012. Research Report Perkumpulan Prakarsa. Jakarta.
Schroter-Schlaack, C. et al. (2014). Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer to Support Local Conservation Action in Europe. The German Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 58:98-114.
Sijabat, R. (2016). Fiscal Decentralization and Sustainable Development: Lesson from the Local Government Level in Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development.
Stenly. (2015). The Effect of Natural Resource Abundance on Economic Growth: Case of Indonesia. The Hague. Netherlands.
Venables, A.J. (2016). Using Natural Resources for Development: Why Has It Proven So Difficult? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 30 (1): 161-183. American Economic Association. USA. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43710015 Accessed: 29-11-2017 20:27 UTC.
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Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., and Robinson, J. (2004). Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth. In Aghion, P., and Durlauf, S.N. (2005). Handbook of Economic Growth, Vol. 1 (A): 385-472.
____________________., (2002). Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 117 (November): 1231–1294.
Adams, D., Ullah. S., Akhtar P., Adams, K., and Saidi, S. (2019). The Role of Country-Level Institutional Factors in Escaping the Natural Resource Curse: Insight from Ghana. Resource policy, Vol. 61: 433-440.
Agustina, CD., Ahmad, E., Nugroho, D., et al. (2012). Political economy of natural resource revenue sharing in Indonesia. Asia Research Centre Working, Paper 55. LSE, University of Bonn & World Bank. London.
Amiri, H., Samadian, F., Yahoo, Jamali, S.J. (2019). Natural Resource Abundance, Institutional Quality and Manufacturing Development: Evidence from Resource-Rich Countries. Resource Policy, 62: 550-560.
Barreiro, V., Iqbal, M., Limberg, G., et al. (2016). The Cost of Conflict in Oil Palm in Indonesia. Daemeter Consulting. Indonesia.
Dwumfour, R.A., and Ntow-Gyamfi, M. (2018). Natural Resources, Financial Development, and Institutional Quality in Africa: Is There a Resource Curse. Resource Policy, 59: 411-426.
Falconer, A., Mafira, T., & Guntur, S. (2015). Improving Land Productivity through Fiscal Policy: Early Insight on Taxation the Palm Oil Supply Chain. Climate Policy Initiative Report.
Gaveau, DL., Sheil, D., Salim, MA. et al. (2016). Rapid Conversion and Avoided Deforestation: Examing Four Decades of Industrial Plantation Expansion in Borneo. Scientific Report, Vol. 6 (3).
Hall, R.E., and Jones, C.I. (1999). Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others? Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 114 (February): 83–116.
Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. (2013). Laporan Hasil Kajian Sistem Pengelolaan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) Mineral dan Batu Bara. Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kedeputian Pencegahan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Jakarta.
____________________. (2015). Awasi Sektor Pertambangan, KPK Perbaiki Tata Kelola. Press Release Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Jakarta.
____________________. (2015). Mencegah Kerugian Negara di Sektor Kehutanan: Sebuah Kajian tentang Sistem Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak dan Penatausahaan Kayu. Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kedeputian Pencegahan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Jakarta.
____________________. (2016). Kajian Sistem Pengelolaan Komoditas Kelapa Sawit. Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kedeputian Pencegahan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Jakarta.
Kurniawan, R., & Managi, S. (2018). Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in Indonesia. An Assessment. Bulletin of Indonesia Economic Studies, Vol. 54 (3): 339-361.
Li, T.M. (2015). Social Impact of Oil Palm in Indonesia: A Gendered Perspective from West Kalimantan. Occasional Paper 124. CIFOR. Bogor-Indonesia.
Mehlum, H., Moene, K., and Torvik, R. (2006). Institutions and the Resource Curse. Economic Journal, Vol. 116 (508): 1-20.
Mumbunan, S., Ring, I., & Lenk, T. (2012). Ecological Fiscal Transfer at the Province Level in Indonesia. UFZ-Diskussionspapiere, No. 06/2012. https://hdl.handle.net/ 10419/55837.
Nasution, A. (2016). Government Decentralization Program in Indonesia. ADBI Working Paper Series Number 601. ADB Institute.
North, D.C. (1991). Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Nurrochmat, D.R. et al. (2010). Neraca Pembangunan Hijau: Konsep dan Implikasi Bisnis Karbon dan Tata Air di Sektor Kehutanan. IPB Press. Bogor.
Ostrom, E. (1986). An Agenda for the Study of Institutions. Public Choice, Vol. 48 (10): 3-25.
Petrenko, C., Paltseva, J. & Searle, S. (2016). Ecological Impacts of Palm Oil Expansion in Indonesia. International Council on Clean Transportation. Washington.
Pradiptyo, R., Dartanto, T., Priyarsono, S. et al. (2019). Menghapus Pulau Berintegritas atau Membangun Pulau Berintegritas? Rekomendasi Ekonom terhadap Pelemahan Penindakan dan Pencegahan Korupsi. Naskah Akademik. Indonesia.
Pramudya, P., Eusebius, Hospess, Otto, & Termeer, C.J.A.M. (2018). The Disciplining of Illegal Palm Oil Plantations in Sumatra. Third World Quarterly, Vol. 39 (5).
Purwaningsih, A. (2014). Impact of Government Regulation No. 46 The Year 2013 in Income Tax of Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, Vol. 3(2).
Ring, I. et al. (2011). Ecological Fiscal Transfer in: Ring I & Shlaack CS (eds). Instrument Mixes for Biodiversity Policies. POLICYMIX Report No. 2: 98-118. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ. Leipzig. https://policymix.nina.no
Romer, P.M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 94 (October): 1002–1037.
Sachs, J.D., and Warner, A.M. (1995). Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth. NBER Working Paper 5398.
____________________. (1997). Sources of Slow Growth in African Economies. Journal of African Economies, Vol. 6 (3): 35-76.
Santos, R. et al. (2012). Fiscal Transfer for Biodiversity Conservation: The Portuguese Local Finances Law. Land Use Policy, Vol. 29 (2): 261-273.
Saputra, W. (2018). Efektivitas Kebijakan Fiskal dalam Pengelolaan Komoditas Kelapa Sawit untuk Upaya Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup. Dipresentasikan dalam “Environmental Outlook 2018†di Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, 15-19 Januari 2018.
____________________. (2019). Penguasaan Lahan oleh Perkebunan Sawit dalam Kawasan Hutan dan Strategi Penyelesaiannya. Policy Papers. Auriga Nusantara. Jakarta.
____________________. (2013). Studi Analisis Tax Gap dan Tax Efficiency di Indonesia, 2008-2012. Research Report Perkumpulan Prakarsa. Jakarta.
Schroter-Schlaack, C. et al. (2014). Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer to Support Local Conservation Action in Europe. The German Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 58:98-114.
Sijabat, R. (2016). Fiscal Decentralization and Sustainable Development: Lesson from the Local Government Level in Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development.
Stenly. (2015). The Effect of Natural Resource Abundance on Economic Growth: Case of Indonesia. The Hague. Netherlands.
Venables, A.J. (2016). Using Natural Resources for Development: Why Has It Proven So Difficult? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 30 (1): 161-183. American Economic Association. USA. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43710015 Accessed: 29-11-2017 20:27 UTC.
Vijay, V., Stuart, LP., Clinton, NJ., et al. (2016). The Impact of Oil Palm on Recent Deforestation Biodiversity Loss. PLOS One Vol. 11 (7): e0159668.
World Bank. (2015). Krisis Kebakaran dan Asap Indonesia. World Bank.
Zakaria, RY., Pradiptyo, R., Iswari, P., & Wibisana, PS. (2017). Studi Biaya Konflik Tanah dan Sumber Daya Alam dari Perspektif Masyarakat. Conflict Resolution Unit, IBCSD, KARSA & UKAid. Indonesia.