Malpraktik Pemilu dan Korupsi: Analisis terhadap Proses Penghitungan dan Rekapitulasi pada Pemilu Indonesia 2019

Allen, N. (2014). From patronage machine to partisan melee: Subnational corruption and the evolution of the Indonesian party system. Pacific Affairs 87 (2): 221-245, https://www.jstor.org/stable/43590873. Aspinall, E. (2015). Oligarchic Populism: Prabowo Subianto’s Challenge to Indonesian Democracy. Indonesia 9:1-28. Aspinall, E., & Berenschot, W. (2019). Democracy for Sale: Pemilihan Umum, Klientelisme, dan Negara di Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta. Aspinall, E., & Sukmajati, M. (Eds.). (2015). Politik uang di Indonesia: Patronase dan klientelisme pada pemilu legislatif 2014. PolGov. Yogyakarta. Bader, M. (2012). Trends and patterns in in electoral malpractice in post-Soviet Eurasia. Journal of Eurasian Studies 3: 49-57. Baghdasaryan, V., Iannantuoni, G., Maggian, V. (2018). Electoral fraud and voter turnout: An experimental study. European Journal of Political Economy 58: 203-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2018.12.001. Black, H. (1968). Black’s Law Dictionary Fifth Edition. West Publishing Co. New York. Bowler, S., Brunnel, T., Donovan, T., & Gronke, P. (2015). Election administration and perceptions of fair elections. Electoral Studies 38: 1-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.01.004. Bratton, M., Dulani, B., & Masunungure, E. (2016). Detecting manipulation in authoritarian elections: Survey-based methods in Zimbabwe. Electoral Studies 42: 10-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2016.01.006. Brich, S. (2011a). Electoral Malpractice. Oxford University Press. New York. __________. (2011b). Briefing Paper: Electoral Corruption. Institute for Democracy & Conflict Resolution. Casas, A., Diaz, G., & Trindade, A. (2017). Who monitors the monitor? Effect of party observers on electoral outcomes. Journal of Public Economics 145: 136-149, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.11.015. CNN Indonesia. (2019). Rekapitulasi Suara Pemilu Tingkat Kecamatan Mulai Hari Ini, diakses dari: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190419105630-32-387823/rekapitulasi-suara-pemilu-tingkat-kecamatan-mulai-hari-ini. 15 September 2020. DKPP RI. (2019). DKPP Berhentikan Ketua dan Anggota KPU Kota Batam, diakses dari: https://dkpp.go.id/dkpp-berhentikan-tetap-ketua-dan-anggota-kpu-kota-batam/ 20 September 2020. Frank, R. & Coma, F. (2017). How election dynamics shape perceptions of electoral integrity. Electoral Studies 48: 153-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2017.05.007. Fukuoka, Y. (2013). Oligarchy and Democracy in Post-Soeharto Indonesia. Political Studies Review 11: 52-64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00286.x. Hadiz, V. (2001). Capitalism, oligarchic power and the state in Indonesia. Historical Materialism 8(1): 119-151, https://www.doi.org/10.1163/1569206X-00801005. Held, D. (2006). Models of Democracy. Polity Press. Cambridge. Husin, L. & Al Akbar, N. (2019). Beyond the Binary Logic of Populist Articulations in 2019 Indonesian Election: A Post-Structuralist Analysis of ‘Sexy Killers’ Documentary. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 13(4): 411–431, http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/beyond-the-binary-logic-of-populist-articulations-in-2019-indonesian-election. Kompas.com. (2019). Divonis 4 Bulan Karena Ubah Perolehan Suara, Petugas PPK Ini Tak Diketahui. Kompas. https://yogyakarta.kompas.com/read/2019/07/12/21455481/divonis-4-bulan-karena-ubah-perolehan-suara-petugas-ppk-ini-tak-diketahui. 15 September 2020. Laporan Hasil Pengawasan Pemilu 2019 di Wilayah Kerja KBRI Kuala Lumpur, Nomor: 067/PanwasluLN-KualaLumpur/HK.0101/IV/2019. Leemann, L. & Bochsler, D. (2014). A systematic approach to study electoral fraud. Electoral Studies 35: 33-47, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.03.005. Lehoucq, F. (2003). Electoral Fraud: Causes, Types, and Consequences. Annual Review Political Science Journal 6(1): 233-256, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.6.121901.085655. Magaloni, B. (2006). Voting for autocracy: Hegemonic party survival and its demise in Mexico. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. ________________. (2010). The game of electoral fraud and the ousting of authoritarian rule. American Journal of Political Science 54(3): 751-765, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00458.x. Mietzner, M. (2015a). Reinventing Asian Populism: Jokowi’s Rise, Democracy, and Political Contestation in Indonesia. East-West Center. Honolulu. ________________. (2015b). Dysfunction by design: Political finance and corruption in Indonesia. Critical Asian Studies 47(4): 587-610. ________________. (2007c). Party financing in post-Soeharto Indonesia: between state subsidies and political corruption. Contemporary Southeast Asia 29(2): 238-263. Muhtadi, B. (2019). Vote Buying in Indonesia: The Mechanics of Electoral Bribery. Palgrave Macmillan. Basingstoke. ________________. (2020). Kuasa Uang: Politik Uang dalam Pemilu Paca-Orde Baru. KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia). Jakarta. Neuman, L. (1997). Social Research Methods. Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon. Norris, P. (2013a). Does the world agree about standards of electoral integrity? Evidence for the diffusion of global norms. Electoral Studies 32: 576-588, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.07.016. ___________. (2013b). The new research agenda studying electoral integrity. Electoral Studies 32: 563-575, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.07.015. P Norris. (2014). Why Electoral Integrity Matters. Cambridge University Press. New York. Ong, E. (2018). Electoral manipulation, opposition power, and institutional change: Contesting for electoral reform in Singapore, Malaysia, and Cambodia. Electoral Studies 54: 159-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2018.05.006. Orr, G. (2006). Suppressing Vote Buying: the “War” on Electoral Bribery from 1868. The Journal of Legal History, 27 (3): 289-314, https://doi.org/10.1080/01440360601041142. Paskarina, C. (2018). Korupsi Politik dalam Kompetisi Elektoral. Prisma 37(3): 37-50, http://prismajurnal.com/issues.php?id={8BE884A7-4FCD-5168-10D7-3AD7E7B9CC5D}&bid={3EFE2EA0-2E3F-29AB-4C05-A1CCABEA1516}. Przeworski, A. (1991). Democracy and the market: Political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Radar Jogja. (2019). Anita Divonis Hukuman Percobaan. Radar jogja. https://radarjogja.jawapos.com/2019/07/13/anita-divonis-hukuman-percobaan/. 16 September 2020. Republika.co.id. (2019). KPU Tidak Hitung Surat Suara Metode Pos di Malaysia. Republika. https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/politik/pq2w3m428/kpu-tidak-hitung-surat-suara-metode-pos-di-malaysia. 16 September 2020. Schedler, A. (2002). The nested game of democratization by elections, International Political Science Review 23(1): 103-122, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192512102023001006. Simpser, A. (2013). Why governments and parties manipulate elections: theory, practice, and implications. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Sjoberg, F. (2016). Bring the Party Back in: Institutional Design for ‘Smart Election Fraud’. Electoral Studies 44: 307-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2016.06.015. Tempo.co. (2019). Kronologi Penemuan Surat Suara Tercoblos di Malaysia. Tempo. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1195269/kronologi-penemuan-surat-suara-tercoblos-di-malaysia/full&view=ok. 16 September 2020. Tirto.id. (2019). KPU Ungkap Sebab Rekapitulasi Suara di Kecamatan Butuh Waktu Lama, Tirto.id. https://tirto.id/kpu-ungkap-sebab-rekapitulasi-suara-di-kecamatan-butuh-waktu-lama-dno1. 15 September 2020.