Lemahnya Komitmen Antikorupsi Presiden di Antara Ekspektasi Pembangunan Ekonomi dan Tekanan Oligarki
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Published:
Dec 13, 2019
Keywords:
Anti-Corruption Democratization Market Liberalization Political Will Civil Society
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Abstract
The political commitment of the highest political leader in a country is the key to the success and failure of an anti-corruption institution body. In the first era of President Joko Widodo's leadership, the KPK faced a roller coaster of the agenda of eradication corruption. Various threats that present uncertainty about the future of the KPK has been carried out by external and internal forces of the KPK. This had a significant impact on the effectiveness of the KPK anti-corruption engine. This article tries to explain and evaluate the quality of President Joko Widodo's first-period government support (2014-2019) to the KPK and how it impacts on the continuation of the anti-corruption agenda in Indonesia. This article concludes that economic development targets that require socio-political stability make anti-corruption work is less adequately addressed. As a result, the Corruption Eradication Commission was hit by a counterattack from various political-business interest groups. Responding to the situation, President Joko Widodo chose to play it safe and did not show a precise alignment on the KPK. In this period also, there was no visible cooperation that took root and made the eradication and prevention of corruption as the main agenda that was systematic and sustainable.
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Umam, A. K. (2019). Lemahnya Komitmen Antikorupsi Presiden di Antara Ekspektasi Pembangunan Ekonomi dan Tekanan Oligarki. Integritas : Jurnal Antikorupsi, 5(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v5i2.477
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References
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World Bank, Doing Business 2019: Training for Reform, World Bank Group, Washington, 2019; Norwegian Energy Partner, Handbook: Challenges for Ease Doing Business in Indonesia, NEP and Innovation Norway, 2017, accessed via: https://www.innovasjonnorge.no/globalassets/sats-internasjonalt/kontorer/indonesia/2017.10.25-final-report---challenges-of-doing-business-in-indonesia.pdf
World Bank, Global Economic Risks and Implications for Indonesia, World Bank, Jakarta, 2019; Kadin, “Indonesian Economic Chamber’s concern on investment regulation†(Keluhan Kadin soal Aturan Investasi), CNBC Indonesia, 10 September 2019.
Blake, Charles H. & Christopher G. Martin. 2006. ‘The dynamics of Political Corruption: Re-examining the Influence of Democracy’. Democratization 13 (1), 1-14.
Choi, Eunjung & J. Woo. 2011. ‘Liberal Reform, Political Corruption and Socio-Economic Impacts in Asia and Eastern Europe’. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 52 (3), 181-196.
CORE. 2018. “Pertumbuhan Tak Cukup, Kita Perlu Lompatanâ€, 21 December 2018, accessed: https://www.coreindonesia.org/view/284/pertumbuhan-tak-cukup-kita-perlu-lompatan.html
Hadiz, Vedi R. 2003. ‘Reorganizing Political Power in Indonesia: A Reconsideration of so-called ‘Democratic Transitions’. The Pacific Review 16 (4), 591-611.
Hellman, J. 1998. ‘Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Post-Communist Transitions’. World Politics 50, 203-235.
Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
INDEF. 2018. “Mampukah Pemerintah Jokowi-JK Ciptakan Lapangan Kerja†(Can Jokowi-JK Administration Create Jobs?), 20 February 2018, can be accessed via: https://indef.or.id/source/research/[INDEF%20Press%20Release]%20Penciptaan%20Lapangan%20Kerja%20-%2020%20Februari%202018.pdf ;
Johnston, Michael. 1996. ‘The Search for Definition: The Vitality of Politics and the Issue of Corruption’. International Social Science Journal, 48, 321-335.
Klitgaard, Robert. 1988. Controlling Corruption. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kompas. 2015. “ICW Pertanyakan Komitmen Jusuf Kalla dalam Pemberantasan Korupsiâ€, 19 Mei 2015, diakses via: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2015/05/19/1815015/ICW.Pertanyakan.Komitmen.Jusuf.Kalla.dalam.Pemberantasan.Korupsi
Lembaga Survei Indonesia. 2019. “Perppu UU KPK dan Gerakan Mahasiswa di Mata Publikâ€, survei nasional 4-5 Oktober 2019.
Lembaga Survei Indonesia. 2019. “Tantangan Intoleransi dan Kebebasan Sipil serta Modal Kerja pada Perioe Kedua Pemerintahan Joko Widodoâ€, survei nasional 8-17 September 2019;
Leys, C. 1989. ‘What is the Problem about Corruption?’ In Political Corruption: A Handbook. eds, A.J. Heidenheimer, Michael Johnston & Victor T. LeVine. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publisher.
Lidsey, Tim. “Is Indonesia Retreating from Democracyâ€, 9 Juli 2018. Bisa diakses via: https://theconversation.com/is-indonesia-retreating-from-democracy-99211
Medcom, “Luhut: Pemberantasan Korupsi jangan Bikin gaduh†3 September 2015, diakses via: https://www.medcom.id/nasional/hukum/3NOlexpb-luhut-pemberantasan-korupsi-jangan-dibuat-gaduh
Merton, Robert K. 1968. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Free Press.
Power, Thomas P. “Jokowi’s authoritarian turn and Indonesia’s democratic declineâ€, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 54:3, 2018, p. 307-338
Quah, Jon S.T. 2009. ‘Combating Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Countries: What Do We Know and What Needs to be done?’ International Public Management Review 10 (1), 2009.
Quah, Jon S.T. 1999. ‘Comparing Anti-Corruption Measures in Asian Countries: Lessons to be Learnt’ Asian Review of Public Administration XI (2), July-December, 71-90.
Robison, Richard & Vedi, Hadiz. 2004. Reorganizing Power in Indonesia. New York: Routledge Curzon.
Sandholtz, Wayne & W. Koetzle. 2000. ‘Accounting for Corruption: Economic Structure, Democracy, and Trade’. International Studies Quarterly 44 (1), 31-50.
Shera, A., Bernard Dosti and P. Grabova. 2014. ‘Corruption Impact on Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis’. Journal of Economic Development, Management, I T, Finance, and Marketing 6 (2), 57-77.
Sindo. 2016. “Presiden Ingatkan Penegak Hukum Jangan Bikin Gaduhâ€, 4 Februari 2016, bisa diakses via: https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/1082723/13/presiden-ingatkan-penegak-hukum-jangan-bikin-gaduh-1454565591/
SMRC. 2019. “Meredupnya Demokrasi di Indonesiaâ€, survei nasional 4 Agustus 2019.
Umam, Ahmad Khoirul, Gillian Whitehouse, Brian Head & Mohammed Adil Khan. 2018. “Addressing Corruption in Post-Soeharto Indonesia: The Role of the Corruption Eradication Commissionâ€, Journal of Contemporary Asia, p.1-19.
Umam, Ahmad Khoirul, Pergulatan Demokrasi dan Politik Anti-Korupsi di Indonesia, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 2014.
Warburton, Eve, Jokowi and the New Developmentalism, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 52:3, 2016, p.297-320.
Winters, Jeffery A. 2013. ‘Oligarchy and Democracy in Indonesia’. Indonesia 96, 11-34.
World Bank, Doing Business 2019: Training for Reform, World Bank Group, Washington, 2019; Norwegian Energy Partner, Handbook: Challenges for Ease Doing Business in Indonesia, NEP and Innovation Norway, 2017, accessed via: https://www.innovasjonnorge.no/globalassets/sats-internasjonalt/kontorer/indonesia/2017.10.25-final-report---challenges-of-doing-business-in-indonesia.pdf
World Bank, Global Economic Risks and Implications for Indonesia, World Bank, Jakarta, 2019; Kadin, “Indonesian Economic Chamber’s concern on investment regulation†(Keluhan Kadin soal Aturan Investasi), CNBC Indonesia, 10 September 2019.