Efektifkah Audit Forensik dengan Dukungan Whistleblowing Digunakan untuk Mendeteksi Suap?

Main Article Content

Eka Wirajuang Daurrohmah
Dekar Urumsah
Yuni Nustini

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of forensic audits in detecting bribery with the support of whistleblowing. This qualitative research uses the phenomenological method with semi-structured interviews with 14 employees of Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK). This study reveals that bribery is hidden fraud, so whistleblowing can be used as the first, then can be carried out for forensic audit as long as valid and relevant. Detection of bribery using forensic audit is faster and easier because the procedures are focused, detailed and rigid. The conclusion is forensic audits effective in detecting bribery with the support of whistleblowing.


 


Abstrak


Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas audit forensik dalam mendeteksi suap dengan dukungan whistleblowing. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode fenomenologi dengan teknik wawancara semi struktur kepada 14 orang pegawai Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK). Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa suap merupakan fraud yang hidden sehingga whistleblowing dapat dijadikan langkah awal terungkapnya suap, yang kemudian dapat dilakukan audit forensik selama valid dan relevan. Pendeteksian suap menggunakan audit forensik lebih cepat dan mudah karena dalam prosedurnya fokus, terperinci dan rigid. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa audit forensik efektif dalam mendeteksi suap dengan dukungan whistleblowing.

Article Details

How to Cite
Daurrohmah, E. W., Urumsah, D., & Nustini, Y. (2022). Efektifkah Audit Forensik dengan Dukungan Whistleblowing Digunakan untuk Mendeteksi Suap?. Integritas : Jurnal Antikorupsi, 7(2), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v7i2.795
Section
Articles

References

ACFE. (2021). Report to the nations: 2020 Global study on occupational fraud and abuse.

Ahmad, A. A. B. (2019). The extent of Jordanian external auditor commitment in applying ISA ″240″ and its effect in reducing fraud in financial statement. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 10(2), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v10n2p9

Albrecht, W. S., Albrecht, C. O., Albrecht, C. C., & Zimbelman, M. F. (2018). Fraud examination (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Andon, P., Free, C., Jidin, R., Monroe, G. S., & Turner, M. J. (2018). The impact of financial incentives and perceptions of seriousness on whistleblowing intention. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(1), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3215-6

Chan, F., Gibbs, C., Boratto, R., & Speers, M. (2021). Understanding transnational bribery: a corporate crime framework. Crime, Law and Social Change, 75(3), 221–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-020-09924-z

Cressey, D. R. (1972). Other people’s money: a study of the social psychology of embezzlement. Free Press.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.

Dada, S. O., Owolabi, S. A., & Okwu, A. T. (2013). Forensic accounting a panacea to alleviation of fraudulent practices in Nigeria. International Journal of Business Managment, and Economic Research, 4(5), 787–792. https://ijbmer.com/docs/volumes/vol4issue5/ijbmer2013040503.pdf

Direktorat Jenderal Badan Peradilan Umum. (2021). Laporan pelaksanaan kegiatan direktorat jenderal badan peradilan umum tahun 2020.

Dobrowolski, Z. (2020). Forensic auditing and weak signals: a cognitive approach and practical tips. European Research Studies Journal, XXIII(Special Issue 2), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1821

Enofe, A. O., Omagbon, P., & Ehigiator, F. I. (2015). Forensic audit and corporate fraud. IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 1(8), 55–64.

Evans, C. (2018). Analysing semi-structured interviews using thematic analysis: Exploring voluntary civic participation among adults. SAGE Publications, Ltd.

Francis, R. D., Armstrong, A. F., & Foxley, I. (2015). Whistleblowing: a three part view. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(2), 208–218. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2014-0011

Gbegi, D. O., Chia, G. A., & Duenya, M. I. (2018). Analysis of public acceptability of forensic audit practice in Benue State Local Government Councils. AE-FUNAI Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance, 2(1), 178–186.

Gholami, H., & Salihu, H. A. (2019). Combating corruption in Nigeria: the emergence of whistleblowing policy. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2017-0102

Gottschalk, P. (2020). Private policing of white-collar crime: case studies of internal investigations by fraud examiners. Police Practice and Research, 21(6), 717–738. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1789461

Hasanah, M., Masyhad, M., & Lestari, T. (2017). Penerapan tindakan pencegahan, pendeteksian, dan audit investigasi dalam upaya meminimalisasi kecurangan pemberian kredit pada PT. Bank Jatim, tbk. Cabang Pembantu Darmo Surabaya. E-Journal Akuntansi Equity, 3(1), 131–142. https://fe.ubhara.ac.id/ojs/index.php/equity/article/view/455

Hepworth, N. (2018). Fraud and corruption. In P. C. Kratcoski & M. Edelbacher (Eds.), Public Money & Management (Vol. 15, Issue 1). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92333-8

Indayani, I., & Yunisdanur, V. (2020). A study of whistleblowing intentions in government sector. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 10(2), 285. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v10i2.10269

Jain, R. (2020). Bribery and firm performance in India: A political economy perspective. Journal of Asian Economics, 68, 101181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101181

Kamasak, R., Kar, A., Yavuz, M., & Baykut, S. (2017). Qualitative methods in organizational research: An example of grounded theory data analysis. In Handbook of research on organizational culture and diversity in the modern workforce (pp. 23–42). IGI Global.

Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. (2021). TPK berdasarkan jenis perkara. Anti-Corruption Clearing House Korupsi. https://acch.kpk.go.id/id/statistik/tindak-pidana-korupsi/tpk-berdasarkan-jenis-perkara

Madzivire, E. T., Nyamwanza, L., Mushonga, W., Takachicha, M. T., & Mulonda, D. (2020). An investigation on the effectiveness of forensic audit as a tool for fraud detection and prevention. Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, 10(2), 49–67. https://doi.org/10.20448/2002.102.49.67

Maher, C., Hadfield, M., Hutchings, M., & de Eyto, A. (2018). Ensuring rigor in qualitative data analysis: A design research approach to coding combining NVivo with traditional material methods. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 17(1), 160940691878636. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406918786362

Mapuasari, S. A., & Mahmudah, H. (2018). Korupsi berjamaah: Konsensus sosial atas gratifikasi dan suap. INTEGRITAS: Jurnal Antikorupsi, 4(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v4i2.279

Marbun, A. N. (2018). Suap di sektor privat: Dapatkah dijerat? Integritas: Jurnal Antikorupsi, 3(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v3i1.140

Marks, J. (2012). The mind behind the fraudsters crime: key behavioral and environmental elements. Freud Conference.

McLaren, J., Kendall, W., & Rook, L. (2019). Determinants of related party transactions in Jordan: Financial and governance factors. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 13(1), 44–75. https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v13i1.6

Mircheska, K., Karadjova, V., Blazheva, S., & Malakovska, M. (2020). The importance of forensic audit and differences in relation to financial audit. International Journal of Sciences:Basic and Apllied Research, 54(2), 190–200. https://gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/11269

Oladinrin, O. T., Ho, C. M. F., & Lin, X. (2017). Critical analysis of whistleblowing in construction organizations: Findings from Hong Kong. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 9(2), 04516012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LA.1943-4170.0000205

Panjaitan, I. A. (2018). Analysis whistleblowing: Meningkatkan hasil audit forensik dalam pengungkapan tindakan korupsi oleh auditor pemerintah. Jurnal Insitusi Politeknik Ganesha Medan, 1(1), 50–60. https://jurnal.polgan.ac.id/index.php/juripol/article/view/90

Parr, R. L. (2018). Intellectual property: valuation, exploitation and infringement damages (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Pramudyastuti, O. L., Rani, U., Nugraheni, A. P., & Susilo, G. F. A. (2021). Pengaruh penerapan whistleblowing system terhadap tindak kecurangan dengan independensi sebagai moderator. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 6(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.23887/jia.v6i1.32335

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, (2001).

Puryati, D., & Febriani, S. (2020). The consequence of whistleblowing system and internal control toward fraud prevention: A study on Indonesian state owned enterprise. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 2(3), 35–48. https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijbtm/article/view/10810

Quick, R. (2017). Forensic service supply by audit firms: classification, market, methods, and prior research. Darmstadt University of Technology. https://riuma.uma.es/xmlui/handle/10630/14717

Rose, J. (2018). The meaning of corruption: testing the coherence and adequacy of corruption definitions. Public Integrity, 20(3), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1397999

Saifullah Shakir, & Abbas, G. (2020). Role of forensic auditing in enhancing the efficiency of public sector organization. Review of Management Sciences, II(1), 40–59. https://rmsjournal.com/index.php/admin/article/view/30

Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE.

Saxton, G. D., & Neely, D. G. (2019). The relationship between Sarbanes–Oxley policies and donor advisories in nonprofit organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 158(2), 333–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3843-0

Shawver, T. J., & Shawver, T. A. (2018). The impact of moral reasoning on whistleblowing intentions. In Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting (Vol. 21, pp. 153–168). https://doi.org/10.1108/S1574-076520180000021005

Shepherd, D. A., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2021). Bribery from a micro, demand-side perspective. Small Business Economics, 57(4), 1661–1680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00389-x

Smith, G., & Crumbley, D. (2009). Defining a forensic audit. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 4(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.15394/jdfsl.2009.1054

The IIA’s. (2015). Standards for the professional practice of internal auditing. In Brink’s Modern Internal Auditing (Issue January, pp. 215–233). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119180012.ch9

Tuanakotta, T. M. (2018). Akuntansi forensik & audit investigatif (6th ed.). Salemba Empat.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2004). United Nations Convention against corruption. In United Nations. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9524-z

Vandekerckhove, W., & Phillips, A. (2019). Whistleblowing as a protracted process: a study of UK Whistleblower journeys. Journal of Business Ethics, 159(1), 201–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3727-8

Wolfe, D. T., & Hermanson, D. R. (2004). The fraud diamond: Considering the four elements of Fraud. Journal of Accounting Research, 32(1), 18–54.

Zarefar, A., & Arfan, T. (2017). Efektifitas whistleblowing system internal. Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan Dan Bisnis, 10(2), 25–33. https://jurnal.pcr.ac.id/index.php/jakb/article/view/1562

.