Remedy for victim: Discourse on the roles and norms of corruption claim in transnasional investment arbitration proceeding
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Abstract
Remedy for victims of transnational corruption become a gap in the enforcement of foreign bribery offenses, although a series of initiatives have been advocated in various international forums, including in The Conference of the States Parties (COSP) United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) in 2016. In this condition, World Duty-Free Company Limited v. Republic of Kenya prevails an alternative strategy to annul the investment protection agreement due to the investment process tainted by bribery to protect the victim country from unfair business and encourage private actors to comply in conducting business activities. However, the norms to justify the decision are part of the obstacles due to differences in regulating corupption in various investment treaties. This is because the norm will influence how the issue of corruption will be handled in the arbitration proceeding. This paper tried to elaborate on the roles of arbitration as an alternative to the remedy of transnational corruption for the victim country and the options of norms that could be used by arbitrators from the perspective of societal constitutionalism theory.
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